Black Sea grain deal collapse and $98 Brent oil deepen food and fuel shocks
The collapse of the UN-backed Black Sea grain initiative and Russia's refusal of a truce renew major supply risk for wheat, with Russia and Ukraine accounting for 27.4% of global exports. Weather disruptions (US drought, EU heat, Australia dryness) and El Niño-driven stress add to tighter balances across staples. Concurrent West Asia conflict keeps energy costs elevated, worsening food inflation dynamics and import burdens for vulnerable economies.
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Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to the collapse of a UN-backed Black Sea grain initiative in July 2023, and Russia and Ukraine together account for 27.4% of global wheat exports, setting the stage for a sharp rise in wheat prices. A separate shock has come from the US-Iran war that began on February 28, which lifted average Brent spot prices in March-August to $98 a barrel, up 41% from March-August 2025. The combined pressures are worsening food and energy strains across the Global South, including major energy importers such as India.