Netherlands to tax unrealised Bitcoin and crypto gains from January 1, 2028 under Box 3

The Netherlands plans to introduce the Wet werkelijk rendement Box 3 system on January 1, 2028, shifting to a tax on actual annual returns for assets including Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Under the proposal, a 36% flat tax will apply to positive net returns above a €1,800 per-person threshold, and losses can be carried forward to offset future gains. The rules would tax both realised profits and unrealised gains, meaning investors may face annual liabilities based on portfolio value changes rather than only on asset sales.