32m ago
Bank Lobbying Slows "Clarity Act", Raising Risk of Crypto Overhaul Slipping to Next Congress
The U.S. Senate Banking Committee is no longer on track to vote on the Clarity Act—a sweeping crypto market-structure bill—by the end of April, as aggressive lobbying by banking trade groups pushes the timeline into May.
Committee Chair Tim Scott said April 14 on Fox Business that the panel may not finish work this month, pointing to three unresolved areas: rules on stablecoin yields, still-in-flux DeFi language, and lining up support from every Republican on the committee. Senate procedure tightens the calendar: to hold a vote during the week of April 27, the committee would need to publish its notice of consideration by April 25. The committee's schedule is also set to be dominated April 22 by the confirmation hearing for Kevin Warsh, President Trump's pick for Federal Reserve chair.
Sen. Bernie Moreno warned that if the bill does not reach the full Senate floor before May, the midterm election cycle could make major legislation politically untouchable, potentially pushing digital asset regulation into the next Congress.
Stablecoin yields: the flashpoint that re-ignited
At the center of the Clarity Act fight is whether stablecoin issuers should be allowed to pay yield to holders. After more than two months of talks, Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC) and Sen. Angela Alsobrooks (D-MD) reached a late-March compromise: ban "passive" yield earned simply by holding stablecoins, while allowing rewards tied to onchain activity such as payments and transfers. The crypto industry has largely accepted that framework, with no major public opposition.
According to Crypto In America, the compromise text was not released publicly and was instead shared privately with representatives from banks and the crypto industry. Bank feedback was initially noncommittal, but resistance hardened after the White House Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) issued an April 8 report minimizing the impact of stablecoin yields on the banking system.
Punchbowl News reported that the North Carolina Bankers Association organized member banks to call Tillis's office en masse, and that banking trade groups widened their lobbying to other members of the Banking Committee beyond Tillis and Alsobrooks. Tillis has signaled openness to the industry's concerns, recently floating a "crypto palooza" to bring banking and crypto experts together for face-to-face negotiations—an idea that would further slow the process. On April 17, Tillis said he would pause releasing the compromise text, citing uncertainty about the committee's timetable.
Patrick Witt, executive director of the White House Crypto Commission, criticized the banking industry's continued lobbying on X: "It's hard to interpret further lobbying as anything other than greed or ignorance." A person familiar with the discussions told Eleanor Terrett that Washington trade associations are not serving small banks well, arguing the lobby could either accept the compromise to limit deposit outflows or "sabotage their own impending victory" and remain stuck with the status quo.
White House vs. banks: a 0.02% dispute in the data
The fight has increasingly centered on the CEA's April 8 analysis, a 21-page report estimating that a full ban on stablecoin yields would increase total bank lending by only about $2.1 billion—roughly 0.02% of outstanding loans. For community banks viewed as most exposed to deposit outflows, the added lending capacity would be about $500 million, a 0.026% increase. The report also estimated the ban would impose a net cost of roughly $800 million on consumers. The implied message: claims that stablecoin yields pose a major threat to deposit bases are not supported by the numbers.
Eleanor Terrett reported that the American Bankers Association (ABA) publicly criticized the CEA report, calling its analysis misdirected and warning it overlooked deeper policy risks. The ABA argued that permitting yield-bearing stablecoins could trigger large deposit outflows from community banks, raise funding costs, and tighten local credit. The group said the CEA's focus on the effects of banning yields creates a false sense of security while ignoring worse-case scenarios, including rapid scaling of interest-bearing payment stablecoins. The ABA has previously warned that stablecoin yields could drive deposit outflows of as much as $6.6 trillion.
Two more hurdles: DeFi enforcement and ethics language
Stablecoin yields are the headline dispute, but Scott has pointed to two additional sticking points.
DeFi provisions remain under negotiation. Democrats, citing a string of recent DeFi security incidents—including the theft of about $290 million from Kelp DAO in April and $285 million from Drift Protocol—are pushing for tougher anti-money laundering and sanctions-compliance requirements, particularly for decentralized protocols with strong anonymity features. Scott has suggested the DeFi gap could be closed within two weeks, but that assumes the stablecoin-yield fight does not drag on.
Ethics provisions are also contentious. Democrats want language limiting senior officials from personally benefiting from crypto assets while in office, a sensitive demand amid ongoing controversy involving the Trump-linked World Liberty Financial (WLFI) project. Republicans have raised concerns that some proposed restrictions are overly broad and could be used as political weapons.
May as the hard window
Even if the Banking Committee resolves the remaining issues, the Clarity Act still faces a multi-step path: committee review and vote, clearing a 60-vote threshold in the full Senate, reconciling with the Agriculture Committee's version, aligning with the House version passed in July 2025, and securing the president's signature. With the midterm cycle tightening the calendar, each stage compresses the window for passage.
The Clarity Act is positioned as the first comprehensive U.S. crypto market-structure framework, designed to define the SEC and CFTC's respective authority over digital assets and set clearer rules for token classification, exchange registration, and custodian compliance. The House passed its version in July 2025; whether the Senate can move quickly through the Banking Committee may determine if the measure becomes law during this session.
Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse had previously expected the bill to be finalized in April, later revising that expectation to the end of May. After this week's Warsh hearing, the key near-term signal will be whether the Banking Committee issues a markup notice by Friday. That decision will determine whether the Clarity Act is teed up for late-April consideration or slips until after the Senate returns from its mid-May recess—a delay that would leave scant runway to clear all remaining legislative hurdles before election-year politics take over.