Ethereum Activates Fusaka Upgrade with PeerDAS to Boost Scalability

Ethereum activated its Fusaka upgrade on December 4, 2025, at 9:49 p.m. UTC during Epoch 411392. The upgrade introduces peer data availability sampling (PeerDAS), which increases data throughput for Layer-2 networks by up to 8 times. The technology reduces transaction costs and improves processing speed by fragmenting rollup data into smaller segments.